Batik Textile Waste Pollution

Waste is waste generated from a production process both industrial and domestic (household), better known as junk, whose presence at a particular time and place environmentally undesirable because it has no economic value. When viewed chemically, the waste consists of organic chemical compounds and inorganic compounds. With concentration and a certain quantity, the presence of waste can have a negative impact on the environment, especially for human health, so necessary to the handling of waste. Poisoning hazard level posed by the waste depending on the type and characteristics of waste. Characteristics of waste is a micro-sized, dynamic, broad distribution and intergenerational impact will impact in the long run. Factors affecting the quality of waste is the volume of waste, pollutant content, and frequency of waste disposal (Anonymous, 2009). Based on its characteristics, industrial wastes can be classified into 4 parts: liquid waste, solid waste, waste gases and particles, as well as B3 waste (hazardous and toxic materials). To overcome this waste processing and waste handling required. Basically, this waste can be distinguished according to levels of processing treatments and processing according to the characteristics of the waste (Anonymous, 2009). With the rapid industrial activity these days, various types of heavy metals and organic waste produced can be a serious problem for the health and the environment. Heavy metals are metallic elements that have a large density and have toxic properties at a certain concentration level. At trace concentrations, heavy metals are needed in the metabolism of human body such as Cu, Se, Zn but at high concentrations, can cause heavy metal poisoning in humans. Heavy metals are very harmful for living organisms because they have the properties can accumulate in living body (bioaccumulation) that can cause disturbances in the function of tissues and organs of the body at a certain level of accumulation. Cr metal has several oxidation states such as Cr III and Cr VI. Cr III is more stable and slow to react with other elements. Cr VI to be volatile and may act as strong oxidizing agents, karana labile nature of the metal can be reduced to Cr VI to Cr V Cr VI is more dangerous than the Cr III, Cr VI in the body can be reduced to Cr V, Cr V it is carcinogenic when attached in body tissues such as lung, bowel or other tissue, will form of cancer (Anonymous, 2007). Waste of heavy metals Cr (VI), which is one type of hazardous waste, can be derived from industrial paints, metal plating (electroplating), and leather tanning (leather tanning) (Daryanto et al, 2005). Cr metal is one of the heavy metals that are toxic to living things. Cr has the capability of rapid penetration into cells. Cr metal can inhibit the action of the enzyme in the body so your metabolism and physiological functions disrupted (Sari, 2009). Chrome is present in nature in two forms oxides, namely Cr (VI) or hexavalent chromium and Cr (III) or trivalent chromium. Cr (VI) is easily soluble in water and forms divalent oxyanion of chromate (CrO42-) and dichromate (Cr2O72-). Toxicity levels of Cr (VI) is very high that are toxic to all organisms to concentrations> 0.05 ppm. Cr (VI) are carcinogenic and can cause skin irritation in humans. Meanwhile, the toxicity of Cr (III) is much lower when compared with Cr (VI), which is about one hundredth time, so to process the waste chromium Cr (VI) should be reduced first to Cr (III). In addition, Cr (III) is easily deposited or absorbed by organic compounds and inorganic in neutral or alkaline pH (Daryanto, et al 2005). Biosorpsi is one of the absorption of heavy metals from waste by using the biomass of organisms (Solihat Rini, 2009). The best bacterial growth occurred at concentrations of Cr metal at 10 and 100 ppm (Safriana, 2005). 

Indications of water contamination can we know both visually and testing which are as follows: 1. Changes in pH (acidity / hydrogen ion concentration) normal water are eligible for a life has a neutral pH value with a range of 6.5 - 7.5. Industrial wastewater that has not been treated and have a pH outside the neutral pH value, will change the pH of river water and can mengganggukehidupan organisms therein. This will get worse if low environmental carrying capacity and low river water discharge. Wastes with a pH of acidic / low is corrosive to metals. 2. Change the color, smell and taste normal water and clean water will not be colored, so it looks clear / clear. If the discolored water conditions then it is one indication that the water has been polluted. Odor to the water environment is a strong indication that the water has been polluted. Water that smells can be derived from the results darilimba degradasioleh industrial or microbes. Microbes that live in water will turn into organic volatile materials and thus changing the sense of smell. 3. Onset of deposition, colloidal and dissolved material deposition, colloidal and dissolved materials from the solid waste industry. Industrial waste in the form of solid, if not dissolve completely will settle to the bottom of the river, and which will be partially soluble and colloidal organic matter will menghalangibahan are difficult to measure through the BOD test because it is difficult to degrade through biochemical reactions, but can be measured COD test. The component of water pollution in general consist of solid waste, organic waste and inorganic waste materials (Anonymous, 2009).
With the rapid industrial activity these days, various types of heavy metals and organic waste produced can be a serious problem for the health and the environment. Waste of heavy metals Cr (VI), which is one type of hazardous waste, can be derived from industrial paints, metal plating (electroplating), and leather tanning (leather tanning). Chrome is present in nature in two forms oxides, namely Cr (VI) or hexavalent chromium and Cr (III) or trivalent chromium. Cr (VI) is soluble. The results in water and forms divalent oxyanion of chromate (CrO4 2 -) and dichromate (Cr2O7 2 -). Toxicity levels of Cr (VI) is very high that are toxic to all organisms to concentrations> 0.05 ppm. Cr (VI) are carcinogenic and can cause skin irritation in humans. Meanwhile, the toxicity of Cr (III) is much lower when compared with Cr (VI), which is about one hundredth time, so to process the waste chromium Cr (VI) should be reduced first to Cr (III). In addition, Cr (III) is easily deposited or absorbed olehsenyawa-organic and inorganic compounds in neutral or alkaline pH. In the present study the reduction of Cr (VI) is carried out using TiO2-based photocatalyst powder by adding dopants CdS or ZnO. Some of the variables under study consists of dopant type and loading on TiO 2 catalyst, the type of waste, as well as the initial concentration of waste. Waste of Cr (VI) which has been reduced to Cr (III) remains soluble in the effluent. Therefore it can be done further process (recovery) to take chromium from waste solutions, as well as to reduce the levels of Cr (III) is still toxic even with low levels of toxicity.

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