Two practical aspects of fluid flow in food technology are: measurement in fluids including pressures and flow rates, and production of fluid flow by means of pumps and fans. When dealing with fluids, it is important to be able to make and to understand measurements of pressures and velocities in the equipment. Only by measuring appropriate variables such as the pressure and the velocity can the flow of the fluid be controlled. When the fluid is a gas it is usually moved by a fan, and when a liquid by a pump.
Pumps and fans are very similar in principle and usually have a centrifugal or rotating action, although some pumps use longitudinal or vertical displacement.
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