POLYMER

The polymer is defined as a substance consisting of molecules that include a series of one or more than one monomer unit. Humans have for centuries used polymers in the form of oil, asphalt, resins, and gum. But the modern polymer industry began to develop during the industrial revolution. In the late 1830s, Charles Goodyear succeeded in producing a useful form of natural rubber through a process known as "vulcanization". 40 years later, Celluloid (a hard plastic of nitrocellulose) was successfully commercialized. Is the introduction of vinyl, neoprene, polystyrene, and nylon in the 1930's who started the 'explosion' in polymer research that still continues to this day.Before discussing the role of polymers in commercial construction, here we present some Opera-mengenasi structure, type, and physical properties of polymers.Polymers such as cotton, wool, rubber, and all plastics used in almost all industries. Natural and synthetic polymers can be produced with a variety of stiffness, strength, thickness, and resistance to heat. Elastomers (elastic polymers) has a structure that crossed each other and loose. Chain-type structure is what causes the elastomer has a memory. On average 1 in 100 molecules crossing each other. When the average number of ties that cross each other increases (about 1 in 30), the material becomes more rigid and brittle. Both natural and synthetic rubber are examples of the elastomer. Under certain conditions of temperature and pressure, which also includes plastic polymers can be formed or molded. In contrast to the elastomer, plastic is more rigid and has no elasticity that can be reversed. Cellulose mreupakan berpolimer one example of material that must be modified in stages before it is processed by a method commonly used for plastics. Some plastics (like nylon and cellulose acetate) is formed into fiber.An amorphous solid is formed when the chains have little orientation throughout the bulk polymer. Glass transition temperature is the point at which the polymer solidifies into an amorphous solid. This term is used for amorphous solids have properties similar to glass. In the process of crystallization, it was found that the chains are relatively short-organize themselves into a crystalline structure more quickly than longer molecules. Therefore, the degree of polymerization (DP) is an important factor in determining the crystallinity of a polymer. Polymers with high DP is set to be difficult because the layers tend to become tangled.In studying the polymer and its application, it is important to understand the concept of glass transition temperature, T g. Polymer temperature falls below T g will be increasingly tangled. Moderate polymer temperature rises above T g will be more similar to rubber. That way, the knowledge of the T g is important in selecting materials for various applications. In general, the value of T g below room temperature to determine the field of elastomers is the value of T g above room temperature causes the polymer structure rigid.This behavior can be understood in terms of the structure of glass materials are usually formed by a substance containing long chains, tissue-related atoms, or anything that has a very complex molecular structure. Normally the go-between the liquid state, such materials having adhesive properties / high viscosity. When the temperature changes rapidly cooled, the crystalline state are in a more stable is the movement of molecules becomes too low or too rigid geometry to form crystalline. The term glass is synonymous with the unbalanced situation constantly. Other polymer properties, which are also highly dependent on temperature, is a response to the forces as indicated by the two main types of behavior: elastic and plastic. The material is elastic will return to its original style so no longer. Plastic materials will not return to the original form. In the ongoing flow of plastic material similar to the fluid nature of the adhesive / high viscosity. Most of the material demonstrates a combination of elastic and plastic behavior, showing plastic behavior after exceeding the elastic limit.