Distillation on Petroleum

Distillation is the separation of petroleum fractions based on differences in their boiling points. In case this is a distillation fractionation. At first, crude oil is heated in a pipe flow in the furnace (furnace) temperature of up to ± 370 ° C. Crude oil that is heated is then entered into the fractionation column in the flash chamber (usually located on the lower third of the fractionation column). To maintain the temperature and pressure in the column then assisted heating with steam (steam and hot water high pressure).

Crude oil is vaporized in the process of distillation is up to the top of the column and subsequently condensed at different temperatures. Components of a higher boiling point will remain a liquid and falls to the bottom, while a lower boiling point will vaporize and rise to the top through a lid-containment lid called bubble. Growing up, the temperature contained in the fractionating column is lower, so that whenever the components with higher boiling points will be separated, while the component lower boiling point rises to the upper part again. Similarly, the next so that the components reach the top is the component of the gas at room temperature. Gaseous component that is called petroleum gas, then thawed and called LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas).
Fraction of crude oil which does not evaporate the residue. Petroleum residues include paraffin, wax, and asphalt. These residues have a chain of carbon number over 20.
Petroleum fractions produced by a range of boiling points are as follows:

1. gas
The range of carbon chain: C1 to C5
Boiling Route: 0 to 50 ° C.

2. Gasoline (Petrol)
Range of carbon chains: C6 to C11
Boiling Route: 50 to 85 ° C.

3. Kerosene (Kerosene)
The range of carbon chain: C12 to C20
Boiling Route: 85 to 105 ° C.

4. diesel fuel
The range of carbon chain: C21 to C30
Boiling Route: 105 to 135 ° C.

5. Heavy oil
Range ranai carbon: C31 to C40
Boiling Route: 135 to 300 ° C.

6. residue
The range of carbon chain: the above C40
Route Boiling: above 300 ° C.

Petroleum fractions from the distillation process has a quality that has not been stratified according to the needs of the community, so it needs further processing that includes the process of cracking, reforming, polymerization, treating, and blending.