INTRODUCTION
1.1 BackgroundActivated sludge is suspended microbial growth process which was first performed in the UK in the early 19th century. Since then the process is adopted worldwide as a secondary domestic wastewater biologically. Basically this process is an aerobic process that oxidizes organic materials into CO2 and H2O, NH4 and new cell biomass. The air is channeled through a blower or pump through mechanical aeration. Microbial cells form a flock of akanmengendap in tank cleaning (Gariel Bitton, 1994). Success in biological wastewater treatment within certain limits set by bacteria to form a flock, thus it will be easy separation of the particles and waste water. Ecosystem of activated sludge is composed of bacteria, protozoa, viruses and other organisms. feature - activated sludge cirri can be seen from several parameters, among others, Index Volume moss, and Stirrd Sludge Volume Index. The difference depends on the shape flock, which is represented by the form factor (Shape Factor = S) (Anna and Malte, 1994).Activated sludge process in wastewater treatment depends on the formation of activated sludge flock formed by microbes (mainly bacteria), parikel, inorganic, and olimer exoseluller. During the deposition flock, dispersed materials, such as bacterial cells and a small flock, stick to the surface of the flock. Flock formation of activated sludge and purification by precipitation flokakibat of bacterial aggregation and adhesion mechanisms (Anna and Malte, 1997).
1.2 ObjectivesThe purpose of this paper are:Eliminates organic waste is simple and easily explained organic complexes such as color, odor. This process also includes removing heavy metals. Its targets are the processing of textile waste that is not of environmental contaminates.
1.3 BenefitsThis technology can be used to reduce suspended solids (TSS). This process also removes color and odor in the waste.
1.4 Contact PersonsHeri Santoso
Liquid Waste Technology Group of Textile IndustryWaste Processing TechnologyDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringMuhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Hp. 085747407037Email: hersant08@gmail.com
CHAPTER IIDISCUSSION
Terkstil waste treatment process is divided into three.1. Primary process: pre-treatment process involves- Filtering rough- Elimination of color- Equalization- Filtering smooth- Cooling2. Secondary process: biological processes and sedimentation.3. Tertiary processes: an advanced stage after the secondary process.
1. PRIMARY PROCESSA. Coarse ScreeningWastewater from the dyeing and rinsing is discharged through open drains to wastewater treatment. Channel is divided into two parts, namely water-colored and colorless water channels. To prevent the rest - the rest of the yarn or fabric in the waste water carried away during the process, the waste water is filtered using a coarse sieve.B. DecolorationColored liquid wastes originating from the dyeing process after passing the screening phase is collected in two reservoirs. The water is then pumped into the first coagulation tank consisting of three tanks, ie on the first tank plus ferrous sulfate with concentration 600-700 ppm for color binding.Further input into the second tank with added lime to the concentration of 150-300 ppm are useful to raise the pH decreased after the addition of ferrous sulfate. From the second tank is fed back into the tank and added three concentrated polymer 0.5 - 0.2 ppm, thus forming clots - a big blob in order to speed up the deposition process.After the clots - clots formed will occur between the solids separation results of the binding of color with a liquid by gravity in a sedimentation tank. Although the water was crystal clear results decoloration pH is still high but that can not be directly discharged into the waters.To eliminate the elements - elements that are contained therein, derived from the coagulation of water treated with activated sludge system. The way it is a new development which is deemed more effective than the old way of yag water comes from the coagulation bath I in equalization.
C. AkualisasiBak equalization menamung two sources of liquid waste disposal is not colored and water coming from the engine sludge presses. Both sources of water disposal expenses with different characteristics. Therefore, to facilitate further processing of these two sources of water is stirred by using a blower to have the same characteristics of pH 7 and temperature 32 C.
D. Fine sieveWater is pumped to the equalization results through a fine sieve to separate the solids and solution, so that waste water will be treated free of coarse solids in the form of fibers remains of which still carry over.
E. Coolong Tower (Cooling)Characteristics of textile waste generally has a temperature between 35-40 C, so it requires refrigeration to lower the temperature of the work aimed at optimizing the active bacteria in soil systems. Due to the desired temperature is around 28-30 C.
2. SECONDARY PROCESSA. Biological ProcessWastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with activated sludge system using three tanks. The first berbentum oval. Oval shape has an advantage compared with the rectangle. Because the oval does not require a blower so as to save on electricity costs. In addition the velocity of water is perfect and the contact time with sewage bacteria more evenly and does not happen like siltation occurs rectangular tub. On each - each tub aeration terapat three separators that are absolutely necessary to supply oxygen into the water for bacterial life. Parameters measured in the aeration tanks of activated sludge system is a DO, MLSS and temperature.
B. SedimentationIn the sedimentation tanks in a round shape on the top and bottom of chronic equipped with a stirrer (agitator). This design is intended to facilitate expenditures sediment from the bottom of the tub. In this sedimantasi tub will happen settling sludge from the aeration tanks and sludge must be immediately returned to the aeration tanks (return slidge = RS), because the conditions in nearly approaching anaerobic sedimentation tanks. The amount of RS is determined based on comparison of the value of MLSS and RS discharge itself. In the sedimentation tanks is also carried out monitoring kaiment (sludge from the water surface elevation) and MLSS use MLSS meter circuitry.
3. TERTIARY PROCESSIn this process the chemicals added to the Aluminum Sulfate. Polymers and Antifoam: to reduce the suspended solids are still present in the water. This advanced stage is required to obtain a better quality of water before the water is discharged keperairan.The water from biological processes and subsequent sedimentation accommodated in a tub intermediates that are equipped with an instrument called iverter to measure water levels, and then pumped into the coagulation tank circuitry using centrifugal tank. In the coagulation tank plus aluminum sulfate (concentration between 150-300 ppm) and polymer (concentration of 0.5 - 0.2 ppm), thus forming an easy flock settles. Besides the two materials are also added to the soil coagulant derived raw water treatment in order to increase the suspended solids particles to memudahkanya formed flock.Pda coagulation tank is there a mixer (stirrer) to speed up the process of chemical compounds between water and coagulant material, there is also a function of pH control to monitor the pH prior to release keperairan enffluent. After the addition of coagulants and flocculation process is working perfectly, then the clot - a lump of mud to be deposited in the sedimentation tank III. The results of the precipitate is then pumped to a sludge holding tank which would then be processed with a belt filter press machine (Herlambang, Wahjono, 1999).
CHAPTER IIICLOSING
3.1 ConclusionTextile waste contains heavy metals and colors and smells that disturb the environment. Wastewater treatment with activated sludge process is the appropriate process to address this problem. Starting from the primary process that there are five processes, namely, coarse screening, color removal, equalization, filtering smoother, cooler. Both the secondary process of biological processes and sedimentation. And the third stage of tertiary process continued after the secondary process.Of the waste treatment process with activated sludge method has drawbacks. Among them is quite expensive investment. Applicability must be balanced with investment the main industry.
.3.2 AdviceThere is need for further research in order ditemukanya way textile wastewater treatment costs to be incurred relatively economical.
1.1 BackgroundActivated sludge is suspended microbial growth process which was first performed in the UK in the early 19th century. Since then the process is adopted worldwide as a secondary domestic wastewater biologically. Basically this process is an aerobic process that oxidizes organic materials into CO2 and H2O, NH4 and new cell biomass. The air is channeled through a blower or pump through mechanical aeration. Microbial cells form a flock of akanmengendap in tank cleaning (Gariel Bitton, 1994). Success in biological wastewater treatment within certain limits set by bacteria to form a flock, thus it will be easy separation of the particles and waste water. Ecosystem of activated sludge is composed of bacteria, protozoa, viruses and other organisms. feature - activated sludge cirri can be seen from several parameters, among others, Index Volume moss, and Stirrd Sludge Volume Index. The difference depends on the shape flock, which is represented by the form factor (Shape Factor = S) (Anna and Malte, 1994).Activated sludge process in wastewater treatment depends on the formation of activated sludge flock formed by microbes (mainly bacteria), parikel, inorganic, and olimer exoseluller. During the deposition flock, dispersed materials, such as bacterial cells and a small flock, stick to the surface of the flock. Flock formation of activated sludge and purification by precipitation flokakibat of bacterial aggregation and adhesion mechanisms (Anna and Malte, 1997).
1.2 ObjectivesThe purpose of this paper are:Eliminates organic waste is simple and easily explained organic complexes such as color, odor. This process also includes removing heavy metals. Its targets are the processing of textile waste that is not of environmental contaminates.
1.3 BenefitsThis technology can be used to reduce suspended solids (TSS). This process also removes color and odor in the waste.
1.4 Contact PersonsHeri Santoso
Liquid Waste Technology Group of Textile IndustryWaste Processing TechnologyDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringMuhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Hp. 085747407037Email: hersant08@gmail.com
CHAPTER IIDISCUSSION
Terkstil waste treatment process is divided into three.1. Primary process: pre-treatment process involves- Filtering rough- Elimination of color- Equalization- Filtering smooth- Cooling2. Secondary process: biological processes and sedimentation.3. Tertiary processes: an advanced stage after the secondary process.
1. PRIMARY PROCESSA. Coarse ScreeningWastewater from the dyeing and rinsing is discharged through open drains to wastewater treatment. Channel is divided into two parts, namely water-colored and colorless water channels. To prevent the rest - the rest of the yarn or fabric in the waste water carried away during the process, the waste water is filtered using a coarse sieve.B. DecolorationColored liquid wastes originating from the dyeing process after passing the screening phase is collected in two reservoirs. The water is then pumped into the first coagulation tank consisting of three tanks, ie on the first tank plus ferrous sulfate with concentration 600-700 ppm for color binding.Further input into the second tank with added lime to the concentration of 150-300 ppm are useful to raise the pH decreased after the addition of ferrous sulfate. From the second tank is fed back into the tank and added three concentrated polymer 0.5 - 0.2 ppm, thus forming clots - a big blob in order to speed up the deposition process.After the clots - clots formed will occur between the solids separation results of the binding of color with a liquid by gravity in a sedimentation tank. Although the water was crystal clear results decoloration pH is still high but that can not be directly discharged into the waters.To eliminate the elements - elements that are contained therein, derived from the coagulation of water treated with activated sludge system. The way it is a new development which is deemed more effective than the old way of yag water comes from the coagulation bath I in equalization.
C. AkualisasiBak equalization menamung two sources of liquid waste disposal is not colored and water coming from the engine sludge presses. Both sources of water disposal expenses with different characteristics. Therefore, to facilitate further processing of these two sources of water is stirred by using a blower to have the same characteristics of pH 7 and temperature 32 C.
D. Fine sieveWater is pumped to the equalization results through a fine sieve to separate the solids and solution, so that waste water will be treated free of coarse solids in the form of fibers remains of which still carry over.
E. Coolong Tower (Cooling)Characteristics of textile waste generally has a temperature between 35-40 C, so it requires refrigeration to lower the temperature of the work aimed at optimizing the active bacteria in soil systems. Due to the desired temperature is around 28-30 C.
2. SECONDARY PROCESSA. Biological ProcessWastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with activated sludge system using three tanks. The first berbentum oval. Oval shape has an advantage compared with the rectangle. Because the oval does not require a blower so as to save on electricity costs. In addition the velocity of water is perfect and the contact time with sewage bacteria more evenly and does not happen like siltation occurs rectangular tub. On each - each tub aeration terapat three separators that are absolutely necessary to supply oxygen into the water for bacterial life. Parameters measured in the aeration tanks of activated sludge system is a DO, MLSS and temperature.
B. SedimentationIn the sedimentation tanks in a round shape on the top and bottom of chronic equipped with a stirrer (agitator). This design is intended to facilitate expenditures sediment from the bottom of the tub. In this sedimantasi tub will happen settling sludge from the aeration tanks and sludge must be immediately returned to the aeration tanks (return slidge = RS), because the conditions in nearly approaching anaerobic sedimentation tanks. The amount of RS is determined based on comparison of the value of MLSS and RS discharge itself. In the sedimentation tanks is also carried out monitoring kaiment (sludge from the water surface elevation) and MLSS use MLSS meter circuitry.
3. TERTIARY PROCESSIn this process the chemicals added to the Aluminum Sulfate. Polymers and Antifoam: to reduce the suspended solids are still present in the water. This advanced stage is required to obtain a better quality of water before the water is discharged keperairan.The water from biological processes and subsequent sedimentation accommodated in a tub intermediates that are equipped with an instrument called iverter to measure water levels, and then pumped into the coagulation tank circuitry using centrifugal tank. In the coagulation tank plus aluminum sulfate (concentration between 150-300 ppm) and polymer (concentration of 0.5 - 0.2 ppm), thus forming an easy flock settles. Besides the two materials are also added to the soil coagulant derived raw water treatment in order to increase the suspended solids particles to memudahkanya formed flock.Pda coagulation tank is there a mixer (stirrer) to speed up the process of chemical compounds between water and coagulant material, there is also a function of pH control to monitor the pH prior to release keperairan enffluent. After the addition of coagulants and flocculation process is working perfectly, then the clot - a lump of mud to be deposited in the sedimentation tank III. The results of the precipitate is then pumped to a sludge holding tank which would then be processed with a belt filter press machine (Herlambang, Wahjono, 1999).
CHAPTER IIICLOSING
3.1 ConclusionTextile waste contains heavy metals and colors and smells that disturb the environment. Wastewater treatment with activated sludge process is the appropriate process to address this problem. Starting from the primary process that there are five processes, namely, coarse screening, color removal, equalization, filtering smoother, cooler. Both the secondary process of biological processes and sedimentation. And the third stage of tertiary process continued after the secondary process.Of the waste treatment process with activated sludge method has drawbacks. Among them is quite expensive investment. Applicability must be balanced with investment the main industry.
.3.2 AdviceThere is need for further research in order ditemukanya way textile wastewater treatment costs to be incurred relatively economical.
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