Level Of Energy

When an electron bound to an atom, it has potential energy which is inversely proportional to the distance the electrons to the nucleus. This is measured by the amount of energy required to remove electrons from atoms and are usually expressed in units of elektronvolt (eV). In the model of quantum mechanics, electrons can only occupy one bound set of circumstances that centered on the core, and each state corresponding to a particular energy level. The lowest energy state of a bound electron is called the ground state, when a higher energy state is called excited states. [74]
In order for an electron can jump from one state to another, it must absorb or emit photons at energies corresponding to the potential energy difference between the two cedars. Energy photons emitted is proportional to its frequency. [75] Each element has a characteristic spectrum of each. It relies on the nuclear charge, subkelopak filled with electrons, the electromagnetic interaction between electrons, and other factors. [76]Examples of spectral absorption lines.
When a continuous energy spectrum emitted by a gas or plasma, some photons are absorbed by the atoms, causing electrons to move the energy level. Excited electron will spontaneously emit this energy as photons and fall back to a lower energy level. Therefore, the atoms behave like a filter material that will form a series of absorption bands. Spectroscopic measurements of the strength and width of the spectrum band allows the determination of the composition and physical properties of a substance. [77]
Careful monitoring of the spectral lines showed that some show a smooth separation. This happens because the spin-orbit coupling which is the interaction between the spin of the outermost electron motion. [78] When an atom is in an external magnetic field, spectral lines split into three or more components. This is called the Zeeman effect. Zeeman effect caused by the interaction of the magnetic field with magnetic moments of atoms and electrons. Some atoms can have many configurations of electrons with the same energy level, so it will appear as a single spectral line. Magnetic field interaction with atoms will shift the electron configurations to slightly different energy level, resulting in multiple spectral lines. [79] The existence of an external electric field can cause the splitting and shift of spectral lines by changing the electron energy level. This phenomenon is referred to as the Stark effect. [80]

reverence ; welkipedia